This is a filter membrane made from an extremely thin sheet of material, such as graphene, which has many tiny pores and some natural flaws. This super-thin layer is placed on a thicker, porous base. The base layer is designed to control the flow of liquid or gas through the tiny pores and flaws in the ultra-thin filter.
Why it matters: Filed when 2D material manufacturing was nascent. Advances in scalable production of graphene and other atomically thin materials, alongside improved nanoscale lithography, make building these filters more practical and cost-effective now.
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